Lasik or Lasic(wrong word) short for Laser-assisted in-situ keratomiluisis is a refractive laser vision eye correction or corrective laser surgical procedure or keratorefractive surgery which is performed by using sophisticated and expensive medical devices such as microkeratome(a blade device) or a laser keratome(a laser device) to cut a flap off the outer portion of the eye by a Lasik surgeon or a group of Lasik surgeons or Lasik eye surgery doctor in any LASIK eye surgery centers for decreasing or eliminating the need of wearing corrective eye glasses or contact lenses. It’s also known as photorefractive keratectomy or PRK or ASA (Advanced Surface Ablation) laser eye treatment. This surgical technique was made by Jose Barraquer, ophthalmologist of Spain in 1950. In 1996 FDA (Federal Drug Administration) have approved LASIK surgery. Basically, this technique is applied for permanently altering the shape of the cornea by cutting the flap of the cornea, which known as Keratomileusis. Now a day’s Lasik procedure is widely used for any refractive patient--myopia, hypermetropia or/with astigmatism.
LASIK has direct and indirect milestones of his own invention. These milestones developed laser vision surgical procedures like as LASIK. Here I describe the summary of invention of LASIK.--In 1949, Barraquer developed the keratomileusis using for dissection of corneal thickness for myopic patients.
--In 1963, Barraquer modify his theories and techniques about LASIK.
--In 1983, planer keratomileusis developed by Krumeich.
--In 1983, Trokel and Srinivasan had suggested for using Excimer Laser in Lasik for ablating corneal epithelium.
--In 1986, Ruiz introduced situ keratomeleusis for using manual dissection of the cornea.
--In 1990, Pallikaris, from Greece used microkeratome to create a corneal cap.
--In 1991, Pallikaris introduced a nasally hinged corneal flap which didn't need suturing in the end--the basis of LASIK. He also coined the term LASIK.
--In 1992, Buratto, from Italy introduced the cap mileusis with Excimer Laser.
--In 1996, Buratto developed the technique of cutting a superiorly hinged flap. This technique is very popular in modern LASIK surgery.
For knowing how the LASIK surgery works, firstly we have to know about refractive error and how we can see. When the light falls upon on the cornea, the cornea focuses the light properly on the retina and we can see properly also. But when the light does not focus on the retina we can see blur of any image. This condition is known as refractive error (vision-focusing problems) of the eye. If the focal point forms behind the retina this condition we can define as hypermetropia or far sightedness. Otherwise if the focal point forms in front of the retina, this condition is myopia or short sightedness. And by depending on the curvature of the cornea of the eye other condition ‘astigmatism’ makes. Astigmatism means not equal power of the whole cornea. Those types of refractive error of the eye depend on the curvature of the cornea. Because we know that the eye works like as a camera and the cornea is only window of the eye. So, it is the most refracting surface of the eye and it has most ability to change the refractivity of the eye. LASIK mainly reshapes the cornea of the eye by ablating epithelium the outer most layer of the cornea or making corneal flap for focusing properly on the retina, very light sensitive layer of the eye. So the cornea becomes flatter or steeper as required to counterbalance the patient’s refractive error condition for focusing light properly. LASIK removes any irregularity of the cornea by his own process. So the coming light makes a proper focal point on the retina. By LASIK we can see an object clearly without any blurring. So, the LASIK surgery activities reviews are…--LASIK changes the shape the cornea of the eye.
--Changes the refractivity of the cornea.
--Cornea has obtained more ability to focus rays properly.
--Cornea focuses the lights properly on the retina.
--Retina makes four senses of image properly also and sends those senses to the brain by the optic nerve.
--The brain finally gives us a real clear image.
